Diabetes And How A Person With This Condition s...

Iah Noceja AADS 205 12/3/15 Introduction In my paper, I am going to focus on Type 2 Diabetes and how a person with this condition’s experience has affected her daily life. About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. Type 2 diabetes -- also known as adult-onset diabetes -- is characterized by â€Å"insulin resistance,† or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. Two other rapidly growing segments of the population -- minority groups and the elderly -- are also at greater risk of developing diabetes. The disease results in the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, eliminating the body’s ability to produce insulin. The increased incidence of dia-betes may be related to the lack of health-promoting behaviors, such as inadequate physical exercise and not maintaining a balanced diet. Family history, obesity, unhealthy diet, ethnicity, race, age, and inactivity are considered risk factors for the development of T2DM. Prevalence: Approximately 26 million, or 8.3 %, of US children and adults have type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or T2DM, with the great majority having T2DM, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Worldwide, 347 million people have diabetes, with prevalence rates of 9.8 % inShow MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1172 Words   |  5 PagesLearning about Alzheimer’s can help families understand how Alzheimer’s is more than just memory loss, it is an incurable mental disease. Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a group of diseases that may cause the brain to fail. The most common one is Alzheimer’s followed closely behind by Parkinson’s. 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The Gastrointestinal Tract, The Immune System And Mental...

Introduction Nowadays there are a large number of investigations related to the microbiota and health not only of the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system but also the nervous system and mental health. Likewise, changes in the microbiota are implicated in the increasing tendency for a broad range of inflammatory diseases such as allergic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and the presence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) for instance, cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes. Studies have suggested strategies that would regulate the intestinal microbiota for reducing the risk of such diseases,†¦show more content†¦The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of multiple host metabolic pathways, giving rise to interactive host-microbiota metabolic, signaling, and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, muscle, and brain. A deeper understanding of these axes is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota to combat disease and improve health (4). Discussion Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immune system begin at birth. Some epidemiological studies suggest that C-section babies may have an elevated risk for developing immune and metabolic disorders, including Type 1 diabetes, allergies, asthma and obesity. Scientists have theorized that these children may be missing key bacteria known to play a large role in shaping the immune system from the moment of birth onward. Babies delivered by cesarean section (C-section) acquire a microbiota that differs from that of vaginally delivered infants, and C-section delivery has been associated with increased risk for immune and metabolic disorders. Dominguez-Bello et al conducted a pilot study in which infants delivered by C-section were exposed to maternal vaginal fluids at birth. A mother’s vaginal fluids — loaded with one such essential bacterium,

We Can Fear, Or We Can Care free essay sample

I have found out that being a student who is a part of National Honors Society takes a great deal of responsibility and requires more than just being academically successful. During the semester, tutoring hours were coveted by all members due to the personal experience of teaching and helping a fellow peer. Once an email is sent out, members immediately sign up for a chance to tutor in a new program whether it be with special needs students in an assigned room or football players in the media center. Driven by my interest in participating in one of these programs, as well as continuing tutoring my one-on-one tutee, I signed up for a program while it was still in development. To my knowledge, I believed that I would be aiding a teacher with helping a student with an unfamiliar topic during class, but to my surprise, I received an email stating that I would be teaching an after school review session about biology the next day. We will write a custom essay sample on We Can Fear, Or We Can Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My immediate response was to email the secretary of National Honor Society and say that I could not do it. The fear of standing up in front of a full classroom and teaching underclassmen about information that I had to review myself was mind boggling. I was terrified of teaching the underclassmen incorrect information since the session I was holding was meant to be a final exam review. I was at a standstill. I called my friend who consoled me and told me to think about the bigger benefit; either I would be a part of a program yet have deal with my stage fright, or I could relieve my fears by canceling the review session. I decided to postpone my decision, so I could make a rational choice. Eventually, I was determined to put aside my own needs and help the underclassmen with theirs. The fateful day came, and I was extremely nervous. My anxiety had been present throughout the entire day, but my heart rate accelerated when it was time to present and teach the powerpoint. At first, I was stumbling with words, but as more students asked questions, I gained more confidence and started to enjoy teaching them. By the end of the session, the underclassmen were answering questions correctly on the review jeopardy, and I felt accomplished. Being a part of National Honor Society requires being a leader who is able to rise to the occasion and help those around them while also putting others’ needs before theirs. The simple statement â€Å"We can fear, or we can care† is especially important not only in the medical field, but also in real life situations where a simple decision can impact multiple lives. Although my experience was on a much smaller scale and towards a much smaller population as compared to Emory’s choice to treat Ebola patients, I believe that this small example of this mindset equips me for larger situations in the near future.

The study of a panda Essay Example

The study of a panda Paper The panda is black and white, like a bear in shape, but different. Things to remember in the last hour before the exam: Life processes at the cellular level (This is not a revision sheet youve done that by now Its a list of things you might want to remind yourself about 1. Cell parts. Most structures/organelles common to animal and plant cells. [P] = plants only C] Cytoplasm transparent Jelly ? cells activities occur here CLC Cell/plasma membrane regulates movement of materials in/out of cell. SELECTIVELY permeable. Phosphoric belayed. Phosphate heads (hydrophilic) face inside cell/outside cell. Fatty acid tails of lipids (hydrophobic) to interior. Small molecules e. G. Water diffuse through. Larger ones transported via protein channels. 0 Nucleus cell control centre, controls metabolism via enzymes. Contains genetic info DNA. Chromosomes only visible when cell is dividing. Contains nucleolus makes RNA and ribosome. Cell wall [P] protects cell gives strength and support. Is permeable and made of cellulose. Controls turgidity (can resist high internal pressures without stretching). 0 Chloroplasts [P] site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll green light-trapping pigment. Elongated shape maximizes S. A. To volume ratio, Increasing uptake of CO and H2O uptake and output of 02 and glucose (photosynthetic capacity). Chlorophyll molecules embedded In grand (stacks of ethylated membrane) more S. A. More chlorophyll = Max. Amount of light captured = more photosynthesis. Surrounded by stoma enzymes and water. 0 Large (central) vacuole [P] large and permanent structure containing cell sap (salts, sugars, amino acids). Salts in sap produce strong tendency for water to enter cell (by osmosis) keeping cell turgid. We will write a custom essay sample on The study of a panda specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The study of a panda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The study of a panda specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Vacuole displaces cytoplasm to edges of cell meaning chloroplasts are close to CO and light. Also short gas diffusion distances. 0 Mitochondria site of aerobic respiration. Enzymes attached to Cristal (membranes folded to Increase the S. A. = greater # of enzymes) produce ATOP (adenosine troposphere). Occur In high numbers In cells with large energy needs e. G. Sperm muscle cells. 0 Googol flat disc shaped sacs modify and package proteins C] ERE: Rough has bound ribosome (site of protein synthesis) makes proteins and transports proteins to Googol. Smooth has free ribosome makes steroids, lipids and hormones 2. Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicultural organisms. Examples include: 0 Guard cells form stoma (small opening in epidermis) when turgid. Turgid = crescent moon shaped, flaccid = oval shape. Thick inner walls help them open/close stoma. Allow CO and 02 in and out. Also main route of H2O loss via transpiration. Swelling of vacuole controls opening/closing. Contain chloroplasts. 0 Palisade cells long, thin column shaped cells many can fit close together. Contain MANY chloroplasts. Cells arranged vertically so light passes through less cell walls to cells beneath. 0 Spongy mesosphere (beneath palisade layer) has more rounded not so tightly packed cells. Large Intracellular alarm spaces maximizes diffusion rate of gases during photosynthesis. (CO In 02 out). CLC Root hair cells Long and thin extension at one end with thin cell to vastly increase S. A. For absorbing small BIOLOGY Dont forget to throw this away DO NOT take it into the exam by mistake We dont want you disqualified by mistake 3. Movement. Three main mechanisms. Diffusion: Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration along a concentration gradient which exists until diffused substance is evenly distributed. Passive movement. E. G: CO diffusing in / 02 out of leaf (through tomato). Note: can occur Just in solutions, as well as across membranes. 0 Osmosis: Movement of H2O from high concentration of H2O to a low con. Of H2O water through semi/selectively permeable membrane ( from a more dill. Solution to a more con. Solution). Passive movement. E. G. Absorbing water through plant roots, kidney tubules reabsorbing water. Active transport: Movement from a low con. To a high con. Energy is required. E. G. Absorption of MGM by roots, glucose uptake in intestines. 4. Enzymes. Protein molecules acts as biological catalysts increase rate of reactions. Substrate = molecule the enzyme acts. Increase in substrate concentration = increase in rate up to a maximum. Enzymes are specific have AD shape with unique active site only work on a particular substrate. Function best in particular conditions e. G. An optimum temperature and optimal PH. (function poorly outside these). At very low temperatures, enzyme action slow; as temp. Increases reaction rate increases (more collisions/time) BUT at high temperatures enzyme is denatured (peptide chains unravel active site is lost enzyme is permanently inactive). CIO every ICC rise enzyme activity approve.. Doubles. Co-enzymes complete the active tit essential to enzyme action. Inhibitors (poisons) combine with active site to prevent enzyme function. 5. Photosynthesis. Needs CO via stomata, H2O via roots and xylem, sunlight and chlorophyll. CHIC + AH 0 C6H1206 + 602. Sunlight needed as source of (solar) energy. Rate affected by light: more light = more photosynthesis up to point where plant is at Max. Photosynthesis level any increase in light intensity wont affect the plant further. Rate at midday >early morning [evening. No photosynthesis at night. Rate in summer > winter. Temperature affects rate. 6. (Aerobic) Respiration. C6H1206 602 0 CHIC + AH. Breakdown of glucose occurs in 2 steps glycoside in cytoplasm, then Krebs/citric acid cycle in the matrix of the mitochondria and electron transport system on Cristal of mitochondria. Energy from food (from breakdown of glucose and fatty acids) converts ADAPT + P 0 ATOP. ATOP = the energy carrier / energy in a usable form. ATOP is broken down elsewhere to ADAPT + P releasing useful energy for cellular work. 7. Cell division. 0 A cell cycles between periods of cell division, growth, normal activity (enterprise) and back to division. DNA replication occurs DNA makes exact copy of itself prior to ell division so there is a full set of genetic information available in each cell after division then preparation for mitosis then mitosis. The cycle repeats. DNA contains code for synthesis of proteins in its base sequences. All cells need the code to synthesis essential proteins for the cell to grow and carry out its role. DNA must replicate accurately so all new cells have a complete copy of the code. 0 Key steps. DNA helix unwinds, two strands unzip between bases, new nucleotides Join to the enzymes. Base pairing (A-T and C-G) essential provides mechanism accurately making two identical DNA molecules.

Hotel Continental Case Study Essay Essays

Hotel Continental Case Study Essay Essays Hotel Continental Case Study Essay Essay Hotel Continental Case Study Essay Essay In July 1989. Mr. Oscar Mendoza. proprietor of Triumph Tours read in the newspapers an advertizement for the leasing of Hotel Continental’s installations. During the last six months. Oscar Mendoza has been earnestly believing about runing a hotel to complement his travel bureau concern. Oscar Mendoza had been sing troubles in acquiring hotel adjustments for his circuit groups since last twelvemonth during the peak travel months of December. January. July and August. Hotel Continental is a 27 room hotel located in Diliman. Quezon City along Don Mariano Marcos Avenue. It has three map suites that can sit twelve to forty individuals. a java store. a fast nutrient cafeteria. a formal dining room and a swimming pool. During the last two old ages. the hotel incurred losingss of approximately P2 to 3 million pesos which led direction to the determination of renting out its installations ( See Exhibit A ) . The room capacity of the hotel is merely right for Triumph Tours’ demands during the peak months. â€Å"My travel concern can supply one-year capacity use of the hotel to every bit much as 40 % merely. † Oscar Mendoza told his Selling Manager. Ernesto de los Santos. â€Å"How do we make full up the staying 60 % ? Before Cory became President. I read in the day-to-day newspapers that most of these five-star hotels in Metro Manila were underutilized? What led to this state of affairs? Could you gather some informations that will assist me in make up ones minding whether or non I should offer for Hotel Continental? The information could besides assist me in calculating the appropriate command monetary value. † Ernesto de los Santos instantly called his staff after the meeting with Oscar Mendoza. He told his staff to garner natural informations related to the hotel industry. â€Å"Just give me the informations. It’s up to you how you will split the work. I’ll take attention of composing the study for the foreman. † he informed his staff. Several yearss subsequently. Oscar Mendoza found on his desk a package of information jointly submitted by two of the five staff members of the selling section ( See Exhibit B ) . Ernesto de los Santos instantly read the informations to see if he could fix a preliminary study for Oscar Mendoza. Q I.a. ) Central Problem Should Mr. Oscar Mendoza. proprietor of Triumph Tours. command for Hotel Continental to complement his travel bureau concern? If he would offer for Hotel Continental. how can his travel concern fill up the staying 60 % of the hotel’s one-year capacity which is underutilized? Statement of the Problem:Oscar Mendoza’s trouble in acquiring hotel adjustments during peak travel months b. ) Minor jobs What would be the appropriate command monetary value? What factors caused the incurred losingss of Hotel Continental and how Triumph Tours can work out the unprofitable event? II. Aim To place the factors that affect the use of hotel installations. Cite accomplishable ways on how Triumph Tours will be able to make full up the staying 60 % of Hotel Continental’s underutilized installations. To weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each option. In this survey. both of the cited schemes will be discussed. To come up with the best solution. III. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Bid for Hotel Continental 1. Advantages I. It will work out Mr. Mendoza’s job in acquiring hotel adjustments for his circuit groups during peak months. Since acquiring hotel accomodations might do him a batch of clip and command for Hotel Continental will salvage him much. two. It provides better service for his circuit groups. Of the fact that Hotel continental can suit all his groups and still has approximately 60 % installations left for use. three. It allows the bureau to suit more clients. 40 % for the circuit groups and 60 % for other clients. four. It attracts more clients ` ( e. g. travel bundle ) v. It can salvage clip alternatively of looking for other hotels which might stop up in failure and Hotel Continental already being leased by other companies. chances merely come one time. six. Its room capacity is merely right for his circuit groups. dining grosss for the travel bureau concern by fulfilling the demands of the circuit groups. 2. Disadvantages I. Hotel Continental has incurred losingss for last two back-to-back old ages. Victory Tours is challenged of this event and should come up with the best scheme on how to maximise net incomes and avoid. if non possible. decrease the sum of losingss and in clip arrive to a net income by changeless recovery and advanced programs. two. Merely 40 % of hotel installations will be utilized by the travel bureau yearly. this requires them immense attempt to be efficient in their resources and non stop up in underutilized public-service corporations. three. The location of the hotel is non strategic. There are many rivals at present and besides. at future. four. More capital is needed. Capital is a critical component of all organisations if one strives to roll up net incomes and remain in the competition. v. Merely during travel peak months does Mr. Mendoza encounters hotel adjustment jobs. six. 5-star hotels have history of underutilization before Cory Aquino’s term. Modernize the hotel’s installations Advantage: Modernizing installations and heightening services would exercise a pull on more tourers. increasing hotel tenancy rates. thereby intensifying hotel capacity use. And besides. the fact of a stiff competition among hotels. the action will take to a more competitory Hotel Continental with which clients can take from. Disadvantage: Modernization of installations would ask big sums of costs and affect employee hiring. Offer more services Advantage: Offer more services such as watering place. beauty salons. fittingness centres. dress shops. different eating houses and conference installations would take full advantage of the hotel’s capacity to provide to more countries of services. thereby maximising net incomes. Disadvantage: Offer more services would necessitate big sums of costs. employees. Besides. many who venture into enlargements fail at maximising net incomes. Find lesser cost alternate ways of operating concern activities Advantage: Based on the income statement of Hotel Continental. a big part of the losingss was due to the immense sums of operating disbursals. If those operations would be done utilizing lesser costs. there would be a important addition in the income of the hotel. Disadvantage: Searching for lesser cost alternate ways in runing the concern will take a batch of clip and resources. Besides. non all alternate ways are every bit good as what the concern used before. Advertise the hotel together with the travel agency’s offers Advantage: Ad non merely lets people know about the services rendered by the hotel. it besides creates the demand for them to avail of its merchandises and services. Disadvantage: Ad through a batch of signifiers of media requires a batch of costs. Expand the hotel into a hotel-resort concern Advantage: The transition of the hotel into a hotel and resort concern would non merely pull those professional clients. it would besides pull both tourers and locals. Since a batch of people are into loosen uping holidaies. providing to their demands maximizes the hotel’s capacity. Disadvantage: The transition of the hotel into a hotel and resort requires a batch of costs and non all ventures into the resort industry win. 2. Command for other hotels 1. Advantages I. There is a possibility of a less bid monetary value. There may be hotels in close bankruptcy or have suffered more losingss than Hotel Continental and is renting their installations at a much lower monetary value. two. There is a possibility that other hotels have non incurred losingss. It is non certain but one may happen other hotels that are in lease advertizement but have non suffered losingss. three. It will work out Mr. Mendoza’s job in acquiring hotel adjustments for his circuit groups during peak months. four. It provides better service for his circuit groups v. It allows the bureau to suit more clients. six. It attracts more clients ( e. g. travel bundle ) seven. There is a possibility that the other hotels are in a strategic location 2. Disadvantages I. It consumes more clip to garner informations and to seek for hotels in rental. uncertainnesss may come and either fulfill their concern or dissatisfy them. two. Room capacity may be excessively much or excessively less. Too much may besides necessitate extra programs in order to make full up the staying underutilized installations and excessively less might ensue to disappointing services and lower grosss. three. There is a possibility of a higher command monetary value. particularly for hotels that have non undergone losingss or other jobs. four. There is a possibility that no other hotels are for rental. 3. Construct ain hotel 1. Advantages i. Mr. Mendoza can decently turn to the demands of his circuit groups. They can stipulate their building harmonizing to the estimated demands of their travel bureau concern and be efficient of their resources ( e. g. adequate room capacity with 100 % use of the hotel installations ) . two. He can take a more strategic location for his hotel. They have the pick to make whatever they may in order to model a edifice that will suit their demands best. three. Complete authorization over the hotel for hey are the proprietor. 2. Disadvantages i. Mr. Mendoza needs most significantly a immense sum of money. Constructing a new edifice is non easy undertaking. get downing from the purchase of land for a strategic location. design and design. building workers. budget. and so on. two. Construction takes clip. undergoes many procedures. It is non a program which can be instantly accomplished. it requires months. old ages to complete. three. He bears all the hazards. Unexpected catastrophes. budget deficit. and some neglected minor jobs at the start that may go a big hinderance for the coating of the building and may impact the minutess of Triumph Tours. four. The entity ( travel bureau and hotel ) will be incurring more disbursals 4. Continue bureau operations without the hotel 1. Advantages i. Mr. Mendoza can concentrate betterments in his travel bureau. Less distractions can take to more concentration on the minutess of Triumph Tours. two. There are merely 4 travel peak months in a twelvemonth. 2. Disadvantages i. Mr. Mendoza continues to see troubles in acquiring hotel adjustments during travel peak months. two. It causes incommodiousness to his travel groups. To clients of the travel bureau. they may happen another travel bureau which they think will function them better because there are many rivals besides of Triumph Tours. IV. Recommendation We recommend that Mr. Oscar Mendoza of the Triumph Tours command for Hotel Continental and he must spread out the hotel into a hotel and resort concern. Besides. upon the transition. he must overhaul the installations of the hotel and he must open newer constitutions in the hotel. V. Conclusion Based on the income statement of Hotel Continental from 1987- 1988. a big part of the operating disbursals was due to the Property Operations. Maintenance and Energy Cost. Due to the out-of-date installations of the hotel. a batch of fixs and care were done which finally led to a strain in the hotel’s resources. Overhauling the hotel’s installations will decidedly cut down operating disbursals. Besides. offering newer and more varied services to the clients would increase the use of the hotel’s installations. Last. the transition of the hotel into a hotel and resort would pull more tourers and locals. thereby maximising the capacity of the hotel. Besides. the transition would set up a stable income for the concern because it would non merely roar in net incomes during peak seasons of Christmas and summer. it would besides offer installations for professional conferences every bit good as watering place. eating houses. fittingness centres among others which are non seasonal in nature.

Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies Term Paper

Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies - Term Paper Example This moral standard requires all researchers to conduct their activities in the course of their studies or methodical investigations in a manner that enhances the well-being of test subjects (Bulger et-al, 2012). In other words, the health, safety, and welfare of individuals involved in the study ought to be the most important aspect and consideration of the study. Results from the study elucidated the fact that exposure to this smoke had considerable health effects on the children involved as test subjects. All researchers have a duty to inform individuals involved in research as subjects on the dangers and threats posed by a particular research or study. Giving the subjects all information regarding the dangers is of significance as it helps them to make an informed decision. Before any research activities commence, it is important for the subjects to sign an informed consent form whereby they ascertain that they have made informed decisions without any intimidation of coercion on being subjects of a particular test or procedure. Signing a consent form safeguards the researcher from any legal action that could be taken against his/her by these subjects. Some research activities or studies have negative consequences and therefore individuals in charge of the research could be sued for damages. According to Fouka and Mantzorou (2011), â€Å"Informed consent seeks to incorporate the rights of autonomous individuals through self-determination. It also seeks to prevent assault on the integrity of the patient and protects personal liberty and veracity† (p. 4). In these children’s case, the researchers did not inform the subjects on the dangers and implications that could follow exposure of secondhand smoke to children. In doing so, they failed to provide them with appropriate information and facts that he could have used to make an informed decision on whether to become subjects of the study or

IT Business Alignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

IT Business Alignment - Coursework Example This essay aims at reviewing how IT should be greater aligned with the business requirements and strategic goals in order to avoid falling into the misalignment trap. This goal could be achieved by realizing that IT has become a critical tool -or even a driver- for the achievement of business strategic goals. The essay defines "IT business alignment" and "IT governance" and the relationship between them in the first place. Then, it gives an idea about the importance of IT business alignment, IT business alignment current state in order to realize the gap between IT and business strategic goals and the increasing awareness and need for alignment. First of all to realize exactly what is meant by IT business alignment concept, the essay will define the "IT business alignment" concept talking into consideration that "the history of theory-building around the concept of alignment is still young and has only been going on approximately 15 years" Ekstedt, Mathias et al (2005). Tapia, Roberto Santana (2006) gives a simple definition for IT Business alignment as "the problem of matching services offered by IT with the requirements of the business". Also, Kavin W. Moody (2003) mentioned, "the term IT alignment is generally used in reference to the alignment of an organization's IT resources with the objectives of its business units". Neil Macehiter and Neil Macehiter and Neil Ward-Dutton (2005), define IT-business alignment as "the process through which businesspeople and IT delivery organizations collaborate to create an environment in which investment in IT and delivery of IT services reflect business priorities, whether IT services are sourced internally or externally; and in which business priorities are influenced by understanding of IT capabilities and limitations." Figure (1): IT-business alignment Source: Neil Macehiter, Neil Ward-Dutton (2005), On IT-Business Alignment So, according to this definition, there are three important elements in IT-business alignment: (1) investment, (2) service delivery, and (3) collaboration in change management. The relationship between the alignment and IT governance is shown in Figure (1). Steven De Haes and Wim Van Grembergen (2004) concluded that IT business alignment is the key element in IT governance so, it can be achieved by acknowledging IT governance as a part of enterprise governance and by setting up an IT governance framework with best practices". They define IT governance as "the leadership and organizational structures, processes and relational mechanisms that ensure that an organization IT sustain and extends its strategy and objectives". However, Ortiz, Aurora Sanchez (2003) defines IT governance as "specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT" After defining IT business alignment giving its elements and its relationship with IT governance, the essay will discuss the transformation of the role of IT in business in order to realize the importance and the need for IT business alignment. Rathnam, R. G. (2004) mentioned that "during the last 30 years, information technology (IT) has become an increasingly integral part of business operations, at the beginning, the use of